Background
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A collection of resources for further reading on VE Topics and the theory and implementation for unit operations.

General
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Information relating to the VE approach as a whole.

* J. Stickel, "Virtual engineering of low-temperature conversion", BETO Report, (2021), https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-04/beto-12-peer-review-2021-sdi-stickel.pdf


Pretreatment
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Additional theory and implementation details on the pretreatment model.

* H. Sitaraman et al., "Multiphysics modeling and simulation of high-solids dilute-acid pretreatment of corn stover in a steam-explosion reactor", Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 268, (2015), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.01.020


Enzymatic Hydrolysis
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Additional theory and implementation details on both the enzymatic hydrolysis models.

* H. Sitaraman et al., "Coupled CFD and chemical-kinetics simulations of cellulosic-biomass enzymatic hydrolysis: Mathematical-model development and validation", Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 206, (2019), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2019.05.025

* J. Lischeske and J. Stickel, "A two-phase substrate model for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose: application to batch and continuous reactors", Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 12, (2019), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-019-1633-2. 


Bioreaction
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Additional theory and implementation details on the bioreaction model.

* M. J. Rahimi et al., "Computational fluid dynamics study of full-scale aerobic bioreactors: Evaluation of gas-liquid mass transfer, oxygen uptake, and dynamic oxygen distribution", Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Vol. 139, (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2018.08.033


.. Surrogate Modeling
.. ------------------

.. * A. Glaws et al.